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Electronic chips, memories, laser diodes,
are often manufactured at high temperatures, in harsh |
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environments.
Graphite is one of the few materials suited to the construction
of the machines which carry out these operations. From
the synthesis of ultra-pure silicon, the main raw material
used in making chips, to the final stage in their manufacture
- soldering the connection pads -
graphite is found in all the production equipment. |
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The brush is
a small cube, a few millimeters to a few centimeters
long, made from pure graphite or from graphite mixe with
carefully
selected additives, which is essential to the operation
of an electric
motor. It must be able to resist harsh operating conditions:
high
currents, repeated start-up and shut-down cycles, very
dry saturated
atmospheres etc. It is fitted with a wire or cable which
connects it to
the power supply and is kept in place in the motor by
a brush-holder,
which applies a constant pressure irrespective of the
degree of wear.
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A
magnet is a material which creates a magnetic field, allowing
it to
attract iron, and more interestingly to repel or attract
other magnetic
components (e.g. magnets, induction coils). The rotation
of small
electric motors originates from this latter effect. The
magnets are
made from ferrite, a ceramic produced primarily from iron
oxides and
strontium. Their arcuate shape matches the annulus between
the
motor armature and the cylindrical motor housing. |
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The brakes installed
in high-speed trains are made from sintered
materials due to the high speed and large masses of the
trains: a
TGV train weighing almost 400 tons and traveling at 320
km/h (200
mph) must be completely stopped within 3,000 m (1.9 miles).
Carbone Lorraine also offers a range of carbon/carbon
brakes for
racing motorbikes(disks and pads). These high performance
brakes
have contributed to the victory of the Yamaha and Suzuki
teams in the
Bol d'Or and World Championship respectively. |
A fuse is a device which, when actuated,
opens the circuit in which it is
situated to protect other circuit components, equipment
and individuals.
Fuses are capable of extremely high-speed actuation; they
can act
faster than circuit breakers. When a fuse operates, melting
of one or
more elements, or metallic strips calibrated to suit the
rating of the fuse
occurs. The design of a fuse is the result of theoretical
calculations
(electrical, thermal, and metallurgical), empirical knowledge,
and full-
scale tests in our laboratories. |
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